Tag Archives: jazz

Academy Honors AFM Musicians

JoAnn Falletta of Local 125 (Norfolk, VA), music director of the Buffalo Philharmonic and the Virginia Symphony, and legendary saxophonist Wayne Shorter will be inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in October.

Wayne_ShorterA recipient of many of the world’s top conducting awards, Falletta’s recordings have also garnered two Grammy awards and multiple Grammy nominations. She is frequently invited to guest conduct nationally and abroad, with performances in Montreal, Spain, and Finland, as well as recordings with the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony. 

Jazz saxophonist Shorter of Local 802 (New York) is equally known for his talent as a composer, with many of his pieces are considered jazz standards. He has played with every major jazz artist and maestro, most notably Miles Davis (along with Local 802 members Herbie Hancock and Ron Carter, and Tony Williams) in the classic Second Great Quintet. In the 1970s, he cofounded the influential jazz fusion band, Weather Report.

Ray Brown Legendary Jazz Bassist

Ray Brown Legendary Jazz Bassist

Ray Brown Legendary Jazz BassistWritten as a tribute to Ray Brown, Ray Brown Legendary Jazz Bassist, includes 18 transcriptions by Matthew Rybicki of Local 802 (New York City). There are performance notes, photos, and a foreword by Local 802 member and bassist Christian McBride. Transcriptions include: “Autumn in New York,” “Custard Puff,” “Days of Wine and Roses,” “Easy Does It,” “Gravy Waltz,” “Have You Met Miss Jones?” “How High the Moon,” “I’m an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande),” “I’m Glad There Is You (In This World of Ordinary People),” “Killer Joe,” “Love Is Here to Stay,” “Mack the Knife,” “Minor Mystery,” “Moten Swing,” “Night Train,” “Sometimes I’m Happy,” “The Surrey with the Fringe on Top,” and “Tune Up.”

Ray Brown Legendary Jazz Bassist, transcribed by Matthew Rybicki, Hal Leonard Corporation, www.halleonard.com

Lou Marini: The Joy of Providing Blueness to Fellow Musicians

Lou Marini ImageMusic and people are clear priorities to Lou Marini, who has been an in-demand sideman and session player his whole career. The multi-instrumentalist is adept on soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone sax, as well as piccolo, flute, and clarinet. He’s also a composer, arranger, producer, and educator.

His distinctive solos can be heard on dozens of albums from artists like Eric Clapton, Stevie Wonder of Local 5 (Detroit, MI), Aerosmith, Jimmy Buffet of Local 257 (Nashville, TN), John Tropea of Local 802 (New York City), and Steely Dan. This year Marini looks forward to a long list of appointments including touring this summer with Local 802 member James Taylor; performing at the Kennedy Center with Lynda Carter; as well as traveling to Japan and Europe with the Blues Brothers Band.

A member of Local 802 since 1971, Marini says he first joined the union in Ohio as a teenager. “I was around guys who believed in the union and what it could do and that we had to stand together,” he says. “I’m a passionate defender of the union. Politicians seem to delight in claiming that unions are the source of all evil. It baffles me that the normal worker doesn’t realize that, if you leave it to the man to determine what you are going to get, you are going to get less and less.”

“I have a good pension through the union—a cushion of financial stability. New York musicians who spent their whole careers on Broadway are set, and that’s because, at some point, guys banded together,” he concludes. 

UNT Days

Lou Marini sunglassesThe son of composer and band director Lou Marini, Sr., Marini says he never considered pursuing anything but music. He’s been working steadily ever since his days at the University of North Texas in Denton, where he played in the school’s famed One O’Clock Lab Band. By the end of his freshman year, Marini also had a steady gig with jazz trumpeter Don Jacoby.

“I was playing in the number one jazz band in school, and at the same time, I was working six nights a week. Then I started recording. Dallas had a real vibrant recording scene and I became a part of that when I was 19 years old,” he says.

Though UNT is known for its jazz program, Marini says that his time in Texas introduced him to the wide range of genres he would play for the rest of his career. He recalls one early experience when he was playing with Les Elgart’s band. The show had them performing with the country duo Jethro and Homer, and the main act was bluegrass—Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs.

“I was a little budding jazz snob. After the rehearsal we started jamming with Jethro on mandolin, and he played better than any of us did! That was sort of a mind-blower, and then that night, when we heard Flatt and Scruggs—their very first tune was at a blazingly fast tempo. I was like, ‘Holy shit these cats are bad, and I sort of lost my jazz snobbery a little bit.”

“In university I also got turned onto classical music much more,” he says. “All that led to a more open mind as far as playing goes.”

Between recording and freelancing over the next few years Marini played with anyone he could—Diana Ross and The Supremes, The Manhattans, Stevie Wonder, Gladys Knight. “They would come to North Texas and pick up horn sections from the area,” says Marini who also managed to go on the road with Woody Herman’s band during that time. “I was reading new, challenging music all
the time.”

A True New Yorker

Lou Marini saxBut that was just the beginning for Marini. To officially launch his career he set his sights much further north. “New York City was where I thought I should be,” he says. Marini had played with Doc Severinsen when Severinsen toured in Texas, so when a friend mentioned Marini was moving to New York, the bandleader hired him immediately.

“I remember when I drove across the George Washington Bridge, I said to myself, ‘I’m home.’ I’ve always felt that way; I’m a committed New Yorker,” Marini says.

He quickly became an in-demand New York sideman and session musician. “I had already played a super wide variety of music when I came to New York, so I sort of fell into the recording scene here,” he says. “I always liked the challenge and camaraderie of going into the studio and sitting down and sight reading.”

Marini also credits his strong mid-Western values for his success in New York. “I was on time and prepared. Those things stood me in good stead when it came to New York,” he says. “It was based on tons of hard work. I’m still practicing three or four hours a day. I certainly never had a master plan, but doors open and you have to be prepared.”

Three months after arriving in the Big Apple, Marini joined Blood, Sweat, and Tears, in 1972. During the 1970s he also worked with The Band, Levon Helm & the RCO All-Stars, and Frank Zappa. But one of his most memorable jobs came about when he auditioned for a late-night television comedy show that was launching—Saturday Night Live.

“When I auditioned I just had a certainty that I was going to get the gig and what a wonderful gig it was!” says Marini. “That time was so fantastic. I remember Alan Rubin, right before we’d play the opening theme he’d say, ‘Where’s the hippest place on earth to be right now?’ It was fun; it was so loose.”

Marini says that one of the greatest things to come out of the eight-year SNL gig was his friendship with bassist Bob Cranshaw of Local 802. “Bob, to me, is a jazz hero,” he says. Other long-lasting outcomes of the show were the Blues Brothers Band and Marini’s nickname, Blue Lou.

“Dan Aykroyd told us we had to have a blues moniker and that he would supply it if we didn’t. I chose Blue Lou because it’s the title of an old jazz tune that my Dad had a recording of,” says Marini.

“If someone had told me in 1978, when we started, that in 2016 we would be going to Japan as the Blues Brothers Band, I would have told them they were out of their minds,” laughs Marini, who also appeared in the Blues Brothers movies.

“The Blues Brothers is energy and camaraderie—most of us have been on the road together for at least 20 years. [Steve] Cropper and I kiddingly say that we’ve had dinner with each other more than we have with our wives,” Marini says.

“We’ve had a lot of adventures,” he continues. “One thing that’s great about the Blues Brothers Band is that, because of the nature of it, we play places like three-county summer arts festivals in the South of France—unbelievable beautiful villages where they bring you local wine and cheese. You can’t buy those types of experiences.”

Marini the Leader

Lou Marini smileIt wasn’t until the 1990s that Marini released his first project as bandleader, Soul Serenade. Lou’s Blues followed in 2001 and then Starmaker. As a bandleader he is committed to looking out for his band. “I think that I pretty much see things through the sideman’s eyes. I have this funny idea that everybody should be treated fairly and with respect, and make good money,” he says.

The most recently released project to feature Marini is The Blue Lou & Misha Project—Highly Classified. Marini first met Misha Segal when he was on tour in Israel. The pair kept in touch and Segal later relocated to the US. “We were hanging out one night at his pad and he played me some stuff he had been working on, and he says, ‘what do you think?’ And I said, ‘It’s nice, but it needs a saxophone solo,’” recalls Marini. The project took several years of going back and forth between L.A. and New York until its release in 2010.

Currently, Marini is working on a CD of originals inspired by his frequent trips to his wife’s native Spain where he plays and sings in the blues quartet Redhouse. “We started playing together in Madrid about seven years ago and have done a couple hundred gigs around Spain,” says Marini. “I sing about a half-dozen tunes. This is a real jazz album with vocals.”

But, he confesses that he’s way too busy to put a timetable on the project, saying, “I’m going to find windows to record it, and in between we want to record a new Blues Brothers album, probably at the end of April.”

Marini’s biography reads like a who’s who of the music industry. He says, simply: “I’m happy to have done things I did and I treasure the friendships I’ve made along the way, and all the great musicians I’ve gotten to play with. When you get to be 70, there’s a lot of water under the bridge, and a lot of the guys that were swimming in it are gone too! At the same time, I look forward to the next thing.”

“I’m still trying to figure out how to play,” he laughs. “You can’t exhaust it; you hear these young saxophone players—what the hell are they doing, what is that, and how can they play so fast? I gotta practice! The fact is, I just like playing, so I practice.”

“When I look back on it, I’ve had a long and continuing apprenticeship,” he notes. “I keep ending up in these great gigs, but I’m just in awe of my fellow musicians. I like people, and that’s one thing about being a musician—they are a bunch of nuts! So you get to meet these characters that just delight you and make you laugh.”

an approach to comping

An Approach to Comping: the Essentials, a Guide to Jazz Accompanying

an approach to compingComping is a term used to describe how a pianist (or other chordal instrumentalist) plays chords in a rhythm that propels and supports a soloist. Author and pianist Jeb Patton of Local 802 (New York City) says that this is the type of book he searched for when he first started playing jazz. It is meant as an aid to aspiring jazz musicians, uncovering some of the mysteries behind comping. It reveals what happens in the background—the groove, the backdrop, the rhythmic conversation, and the colors behind the soloist—and underscores the piano player’s role in comping. Two included CDs provide demonstration and comp-along tracks to help you learn techniques by playing along.

An Approach to Comping: the Essentials, a Guide to Jazz Accompanying, by Jeb Patton, www.shermusic.com.

 

Basics in Jazz Arranging

Basics in Jazz Arranging

Basics in Jazz ArrangingThis book is a must-have for anyone interested in learning about jazz arranging. Written by a renowned jazz educator and based on what he’s taught for more than 30 years, this book is a great tool for beginning arrangers, whether they are teaching themselves or taking a course. Basics in Jazz Arranging covers how to find the right song, how to adapt songs to the jazz style, how to set up your first small-group charts, and how to write for brass and woodwinds. Rutherford includes examples of his own original compositions and small group charts, along with a CD that features both full performances and rhythm section only tracks.

Basics in Jazz Arranging, by Paris Rutherford, Hal Leonard Corporation, www.halleonard.com.

jazz virtuostics

Jazz Virtuostics for Timpani: Etudes, Exercises, and Lead Sheets, Volume 1

jazz virtuosticsThough not considered an instrument common to jazz, timpani was employed in jazz by some of its big names, including Sonny Greer, Max Roach, Art Blakey, and Gene Krupa. Today jazz timpani is alive and well in this book, thanks to arranger Ian Finkel and timpanist Jonathan Haas of Local 802 (New York City). Together they present 56 exercises to prepare to play jazz and then nine lead sheets and etudes to practice what you’ve learned, referencing such classic tunes as Gershwin’s “I Got Rhythm,” Duke Ellington’s “Satin Doll,” and “Take the A Train.”

Jazz Virtuostics for Timpani: Etudes, Exercises, and Lead Sheets Volume 1, by Jonathan Haas and Ian Finkel, Bachovich Music Publications, www.bachovich.com.

 

sonny rollins

Saxophone Colossus Sonny Rollins on Why He Hasn’t Hit His Peak Yet

sonny rollins

Sonny Rollins

The year was 1930 and Harlem was a Mecca of jazz. Duke Ellington and his orchestra were coming to the end of their residency at the Cotton Club at Lenox and West 142nd, tenor saxophonist Coleman Hawkins was experimenting with improvisation that would later influence modern forms of jazz, and Fats Waller had composed “Ain’t Misbehavin’” and “Honeysuckle Rose” just the year before. This was the environment into which prolific tenor sax player Theodore Walter “Sonny” Rollins was born. “Harlem was the black center of culture in the US in those years and I benefited by being close to a lot of great musicians and leaders in the black community,” says Rollins, 78, of Local 802 (New York City). “It afforded me a great education—I was very fortunate to have grown up in this ambiance.”

Rollins’ first stab at music came when his mom signed him up for lessons on the piano. Despite growing up in the birthplace of the Harlem Stride (a style of improvisational jazz piano) mastering the ivories was not written in the stars for Rollins. He preferred playing stickball out in the streets with his contemporaries.

Even though the piano wasn’t the instrument for Rollins, he was fascinated by the rollicking rhythms of Fats Waller and other Harlem musicians he heard on the radio. “He influenced me very much,” says Rollins of fellow Harlemite, Waller. “His music was such a mood lifter; he made sunlight shine every place just by listening to him.”

By the time Rollins was seven, it was pretty clear he had an intense desire to give the saxophone a try. Both his uncle and a family friend played the instrument and one of his idols, Louis Jordan, played the alto sax in a club next to Rollins’ elementary school. Every day Rollins would admire photographs of Jordan plastered to the outside of the club, featuring the musician in a dapper suit and bow tie, holding the shiny horn.

“I don’t want to sound braggadocio, but I always did have this feeling I was destined to be a good musician,” says Rollins.

Once he saw the saxophone in person, he was hooked. “I remember a family friend showing me his saxophone that he kept under his bed,” says Rollins. “It was so beautiful looking, gold and gleaming against the velvet case, oh boy, I was just wide-eyed.”

For 25 cents a lesson, Rollins’ mom enrolled him in the New York Academy of Music. Although Rollins took lessons, he is largely self-taught. He practiced relentlessly and often got lost in his music. Rollins remembers his mom often having to call him several times to come to dinner.

A few years later, Rollins moved to upper Harlem on Sugar Hill where a community of New York’s black elite lived. It was around this time that Rollins’ career as a saxophone player took off. Now, living even closer to music icons Duke Ellington and Coleman Hawkins, Rollins’ reputation as an up and coming sax whiz, began to swell.

After leading a high school group consisting of Jackie McLean, Kenny Drew, and Art Taylor, talk around Harlem provided Rollins opportunities to play with Thelonious Monk and record with Fats Navarro, Miles Davis, and Bud Powell when he was 18-years-old. “I began playing with some of the older musicians and they sort of broke me in,” says Rollins. “I began getting recommended by people and then I met up with Babs Gonzalez who gave me my first recording date in the late ’40s.”

Rollins joined the AFM around the time of these first recordings. “I believe workers need the protection of a union,” says Rollins. “I’m a big union man and I’m proud of it.”

By the time Rollins was 20 years old, he had played many clubs around Harlem with Davis, Charlie Parker, Monk, and Powell.

By the mid 1950s, Rollins recorded three songs with Davis that would become jazz standards: “Airegin,” “Doxy,” and “Oleo.” Rollins began to play with the Clifford Brown/Max Roach Quintet and was featured on several recordings as the leader of the group. His critically acclaimed album Saxophone Colossus, released in 1956, gave Rollins legendary status as an innovator in the area of thematic improvisation. The popular “St. Thomas” track was based upon a traditional calypso song his mother, a native of the Virgin Islands, sang to him as a child.

The excessive praise Rollins received from the album, along with comparisons to other influential players like Charlie Parker, made Rollins uncomfortable. He retreated from public life for three years in what would be the first of several sabbaticals from music.

“I was getting a little bit of a claim in the jazz community and I felt I wasn’t quite up to my claim because I knew there were musical things I wanted to work on,” says Rollins of his leave from the music scene. What is known to many fans as the “bridge period,” Rollins spent practicing his sax on the Williamsburg Bridge, close to his home on the Lower East Side. Once a club headliner, Rollins was practicing in solitude alongside rushing cars, above the East River.

“I learned people have to listen to their inner selves, they can’t do things because they are expected to, or because everyone else is doing it,” says Rollins. “I was going against all conventional wisdom at the time. When I came back, critics said, ‘Gee Sonny, you don’tsound any different since you went up there.’ That may be true, but it gave me an inner strength—that was the big lesson that happened as a result of the bridge.”

When Rollins re-emerged in the music scene in 1962, he released a recording aptly named, The Bridge. For the next several years, Rollins was known for his stream-of-consciousness solo playing and his ability to deftly rework hackneyed and old melodies, making them fresh and his own.

Once again, in the late ’60s, Rollins decided to put his performance life on hold, and studied Eastern philosophy and religion in Japan and India. “I was on a quest to find out about life and its purpose,” says Rollins. “I was always a deep thinker, even as a child.”

Although Rollins doesn’t equate that particular sabbatical with a change in the style of music he plays, he does consider himself an introspective musician. Rollins has a favorite outdoor spot off of the Palisades Parkway, overlooking the Hudson River where he used to play after a night of club gigs in New York. “Just being alone with yourself and your music, that’s a very consciousness-raising thing to do,” says Rollins. “I always like to play in the open under the elements with the feeling of being closer to nature—that’s my heaven on earth.”

Rollins’ nephew, trombonist Clifton Anderson of Local 802, runs the label that they co-own, Doxy Records, and recognizes the spirituality his uncle possesses. “He’s always been that way,” says Anderson. “He always studies to further himself and he’s still in that process today. He leads the way for other musicians to see that the more you know about yourself, the better you are able to assimilate and create what it is you’ve absorbed, and to create something fresh with your music.”

Continuing to seek growth in his music, Rollins still tours with his band, which includes nephew Anderson. Rollins says the discomforts and inconveniences of traveling are all worth it in the end. “I can learn more in one concert than I can in months and months of practicing,” says Rollins. “Nothing can match the thrill of a live performance.”

After releasing live album Road Shows Volume One last year, Rollins is looking to record another album in 2009 with some compositions he’s put together. Mostly, he just feels blessed for his opportunities. “Life is not just one easy ride—there were a lot of horror times,” says Rollins. “Being a musician is not the easiest life in the world but I always knew I wanted to be one. I still practice every day and I am still searching to make a better musical statement. I feel I haven’t really gotten my best work out yet and I’m just so happy to be involved in the thing I’ve loved all my life.”

ron carter

Ron Carter: Jazz’s Elder Statesman

ron carter

Ron Carter

“I’m a reluctant star,” says Ron Carter, humbly. “I’m always surprised when projects are offered to me by strangers, even pop singers, whom I don’t know. I’m taken aback that they’ve heard of me and know enough about my integrity and professionalism to approach me.”

Then, somewhat surprisingly for a musician of Carter’s stature, he adds, “I always blush a little when I get those phone calls.”

One reason that so many young musicians, in and out of the jazz world, know Carter, a member of Local 802 (New York City), is that he is incredibly prolific. To date, he has recorded on more than 2,500 albums.

The Sideman

Another reason is that the roll call of front men and women Carter has played for includes some of jazz’s greatest legends: Miles Davis, Lena Horne, Wes Montgomery, McCoy Tyner, Stanley Turrentine, Stan Getz, and Milt Jackson, to name a few. A good website helps, too: at www.roncarter.net, fans young and old can listen to his work directly.

Then there is the fact that over the years Carter has built a reputation for lending his wisdom to projects outside of the jazz genre. He has played blues with BB King of Local 71 (Memphis, TN), funk with James Brown, soul with Aretha Franklin and Roberta Flack of Local 161-710 (Washington, DC), and even modern classical with the Kronos Quartet. “I’m always happy to broaden my horizons,” he says, “and people call me because they seem to trust my judgment.”

“I’ve played as a sideman all the way,” explains Carter, looking back on his 50-year career. “My job has always been to make the musicians around me sound much better. I have not minded subjugating my ego eight bars back if I know that I can contribute to a successful project.”

As an example of how he fulfills the role of sideman, Carter recalls one project with Stanley Turrentine when the group was searching for numbers to fill out an album. “At that point, someone had to step forward and make suggestions about tunes and arrangements, and I’ve been known to do that.” Carter then puts his role in military terms: “The frontman is like a general sitting at the desk, while I’m an officer in the field.”

Stepping Out

But everyone at some point wants to be a band leader, admits Carter, and in this latest stage of his storied career, he has decided to see if some of his own ideas about how to lead a band, learned by watching jazz’s greatest leaders at work, can come to fruition. Carter has recorded several albums recently as a bandleader, including The Golden Striker for Blue Note Records.

“I’m absolutely pleased with what I’ve done as a leader,” he says, adding that it’s still frustrating when club managers want to book bands that have a trumpet player or singer out front. “But I’m comfortable that my approach is the correct one,” Carter asserts.

In a way, fronting his own jazz combos–either a trio, quartet, or nonet–is a return to Carter’s earliest days as a jazz bassist, when he started up a quartet with like-minded musicians in his neighborhood, having left behind the cello as an 18-year-old in Ferndale, Michigan.

New Skills

After high school Carter attended Wayne State University, near Detroit, and soon heard about an audition for the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York. “I auditioned in 1955 while the recruiters were in my area,” recalls Carter.

Carter remembers his time at Eastman as a fabulous experience that gave him many chances to perform and gain valuable experience as a sideman. Eastman also gave the jazz player a classical music education (he played in the Eastman Philharmonic Orchestra), which extended his range. “Eastman’s classical music education gave me new skills and helped me become a more diverse musician,” Carter explains.

After earning his bachelor’s degree in music at Eastman, Carter went on to earn a masters degree in double bass at the Manhattan School of Music. Today, those two diplomas are joined by honorary doctorates from the New England Conservatory and the Manhattan School of Music, and in 2002 his alma mater recognized him with its prestigious Hutchinson Award.

Miles of Smiles

In 1960 Carter joined the all-union Randy Weston Quartet and began his professional career. After leaving Weston, he freelanced in New York City, where his reputation grew enough for Miles Davis to take notice. “In those day, Miles’ concerts were one night gigs for me,” Carter remembers. “Whenever Miles had gigs though, I’d be performing.”

The call from Davis proved fortuitous when Carter’s became one element of the latest sound the great trumpet player was experimenting with. “When I played with Miles, it was like having five men in a laboratory with the same goal,” he explains. Those five men came to be known as one of most legendary groups in jazz history: along with Davis and Carter, it featured George Coleman on tenor sax and Herbie Hancock on piano, both of Local 802, and Tony Williams on drums.

When asked what it was like when these musicians got together to rehearse, Carter replies, remarkably, that “we only had two rehearsals during my five years with the group.” What made it work, he says, is that there was absolute trust between the musicians. “It was a collective,” Carter continues. “The sidemen were all equal and Miles allowed us to be equal with him.”

While Carter was working at the Half Note in March 1963, Davis was reorganizing his road band and asked Carter if he’d like to join full-time. He agreed and began a new chapter of his life as a traveling musician, playing with Davis all over the country, as well as on the classic albums Four & More, Miles Smiles, Sorcerer, and others.

Life on the road proved challenging, though, especially when Carter became a father. “I truly enjoyed working with Miles, but I had two sons born in 1962 and 1965, and playing in the band made me feel as if they were growing up without me,” he admits, “so I left the band.”

Sonic Presence

Today, Carter is recognized as a legend in his own right, a status measured to some degree by awards bestowed on him. He has been named Outstanding Bassist of the Decade by the Detroit News, Jazz Bassist of the Year by Downbeat magazine, Most Valuable Player by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, and he received Grammys in 1993 for Best Jazz Instrumental Group and in 1998 for the Best Instrumental Composition.

The elder statesman is well-positioned to comment on the contemporary jazz scene. “There’s more of a responsibility put on vocalists and the media these days,” Carter observes. “In the past, when I was growing up, there were more clubs, radio stations, and more jazz in movies as well.” In other words, says Carter, jazz was more accessible in the ’50s and ’60s.

But that doesn’t mean jazz is a dying art. In fact, Carter is still busy mentoring the next generation of jazz bassists, previously as the Artistic Director of the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz Studies and these days as Distinguished Professor Emeritus of The City College of New York.

“Be prepared for anything that may come your way,” is Carter’s advice to his students, “then you can always find work playing music.” At the same time, Carter warns young musicians that the industry is a different game then when he got his start. Today, for instance, the need to make your name visible is crucial in a world flooded with new artists and new forms of media.

Talking about the technical side of his art, Carter explains that the situation for a bass player has changed in the past few decades. “One reason for this that is overlooked is the influence of electric basses and amplifiers,” says Carter, who experimented with the electric bass in the ’60s and ’70s before concentrating on the upright. “Now, a bass player has the same what I call “sonic presence’ as other members of a group. They can be heard equally, and with that a bass player can become more comfortable with the idea that his or her intent will get attention.” Through this, a modern bass player is given the courage to try new things, he adds.

As if to lead the way for his students, Carter is still trying new things, and dismissing any talk of retirement. “I’m continually performing,” he concludes, “I played both at Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center recently. I’m getting better everyday, and I’m still growing in my career.”